Infertile Couples Excluded From Opting For Surrogacy: Plea In Bombay High Court Challenges Notification Barring Use Of Donor Gametes

A writ petition before Bombay High Court challenges an amendment to the surrogate mother’s consent form under the Surrogacy (Regulation) Rules, 2022, which prevents couples from availing surrogacy using donor gametes.
According to the petition, men and women who face complications related to fertility can never apply for surrogacy as donor gamete is barred by the amendment. Neither the Surrogacy Act, 2021 nor the Rules of 2022 prohibit the use of donor gametes for surrogacy, the petition states.
…the principal reasons any intending couple or single woman tend to opt for surrogacy are infertility by birth or otherwise, various failed attempts through IVF procedures and advanced age due to various factors of life…Enforcing the impugned amendment would wipe out the hopes such persons of achieving pregnancy and becoming parents which is an integral part of life”, the petition contends.
The petition, filed through Advocate Tejesh Dande, challenges a Central Government notification dated March 14, 2023, amending Clause 1(d) of Form 2 under Rule 7 of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Rules, 2022.
As per the amendment, the procedure is restricted to the use of gametes of only the intending couple undergoing surrogacy, and no donor gamete is allowed. Further, a single woman undergoing surrogacy is allowed to use only self-eggs and donors forms.
The amended Clause 1(d) reads –
“(d) (1) Couple undergoing Surrogacy must have both gamete from the intending couple & donor gametes is not allowed; (II) Single woman (widow/ divorcee) undergoing Surrogacy must use self eggs and donor sperms to avail surrogacy procedure.”
According to the petition, this amendment defeats the purpose of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 which is an enabling statute for couples as well as single women who cannot bear a child on their own.
Clause 1(d) before the amendment mentioned that the procedure may include the fertilization of a donor oocyte by the sperm of the husband.
The amendment renders this enabling factor of using a donor redundant despite their being no such amendment in the Surrogacy Act or Rules, the petition argues adding that a mere clause in a consent form is changing the entire scope of the Act defeating its purpose.
The petition states that the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act allows for couples with one child with genetic defects to have another child through surrogacy. It is against logic to force a couple to have another child with the same abnormality as donor gametes cannot be used due to the amendment, the petition contends.
“So also, when the existing child is abnormal because of passing down of genetic or chromosomal material from one or both parents, it defies the basic logic to again force the intending couple to have another child with the same abnormality’, according to the petition.